Zambia President Edgar Lungu began negotiations with mining companies in the country to address concerns about the increase in royalties. The rate for open pit mines rose from 6% to 20% and in underground mines increased from 6% to 8%, from the 1st of January.

Vale, which explores coal in Mozambique Moatize operations, produces copper in the country in Lubambe mine, through a joint venture with African Rainbow Minerals.